Health risks associated with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) are prompting many people to focus more on strengthening their immune systems.

Your immune system is a complex network of cells, tissues and organs that work together to protect your body from infections and diseases. There are vaccines that build immunity against specific diseases. COVID-19 vaccines, our best defence against the virus, lower our risk of getting and spreading the virus and help prevent serious illness and death. Some medications and home remedies can help treat mild-to-moderate cases of COVID.

But beyond medical treatments and precautions for preventing the virus, there are ways we can lower stress and go about creating a healthy lifestyle for optimal immune function.

Immune-Strengthening Strategies

Healthy living strategies for your immune system include:

• Exercising regularly – Experts recommend at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise per week.
• Eating a healthy, balanced diet high in fruits and vegetables – Use the MyPlate technique to determine portions and types of healthy foods that are best for you.
• Maintaining a healthy weight – Aim for a BMI of 25 or lower. The best way to lose weight is by eating a healthy, balanced diet and getting more exercise. Learn more about how to eat healthy on a budget.
• Getting quality sleep – Set a schedule and routine for sleep and practice good sleep hygiene. Here are some additional tips for getting a better night's rest. Also, learn more about sleep recommendations by age.
• Reducing stress and developing good coping mechanisms – Include activities in your daily life that help you handle stress, like connecting with loved ones, going outside (be sure to take the proper precautions when going out), practicing meditation regularly, exercising or hobbies like making art.
• Quitting smoking – If you smoke, you can get support to help you quit.
• Drinking alcohol only in moderation, if at all – Limit the amount of alcohol you keep in the house or limit the number of glasses/bottles you drink.
• Taking steps to prevent infection – This includes washing your hands frequently and social distancing.

Immunity Support Supplements

The following supplements in moderation to help keep your immune system functioning at its best:

• Vitamin C may help prevent viral, bacterial and other infections by shortening the duration of colds and acting as a natural antihistamine and anti-inflammatory.
• Vitamin D, one of the most important immune system-strengthening nutrients, can reduce the risk of colds and flu. It should be taken on a regular basis. Here is how to tell if you are deficient in vitamin D.
• Vitamin A, when used on a short-term basis, can help support the body's ability to fight infections, especially with respiratory infections.
• Zinc can help reduce the number of infections and the duration of the common cold when taken within 24 hours of onset.
• Selenium is a key nutrient for immune function and is easily obtained from foods like the Brazil nut. Selenium is also an antioxidant, which strengthens the body's defences against bacteria, viruses and cancer cells.
• Raw honey is good at relieving minor pain and inflammation of mucous membranes, like those in the nose and mouth, and has antioxidant properties and some microbial effects. In addition, it is helpful for coughs and sore throats and can be added to tea or hot water with lemon. (Children under 1 should not be given honey.)
• Garlic, aged extract garlic and other garlic supplements may reduce the severity of upper viral respiratory infections and function in preventing viral infections of the common cold.

Probiotics contain "good bacteria" that both support gut health and influence the function and regulation of the immune system. They also can decrease the number of respiratory infections, especially in children.